Tenses

Past Future Tense

Tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan/peristiwa yang dimulai pada waktu lampau.

Rumus

S + Should, would, + be + . . . .

S + Should, would + V I

Example

I would be at school yesterday.

She would come to your house the day before

Catatan

• Should : I, we

    Would : I, we, you, they, he, she, it

• Would bisa digunakan untuk present (khusus untuk “you”) menunjukkan kalimat yang lebih sopan.

    Where would you like to go ?

    What would you like to drink ?

Past Future Continuous Tense

Tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan/peristiwa yang akan sedang berlangsung pada waktu lampau.

Rumus

S + Should, would, + be + V (ing)

Example

He should be meeting Ani at 5 o’clock yesterday.

Past Future Perfect Tense

Tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu pengandaian yang tidak mungkin terjadi karena syaratnya sudah pasti tidak terpenuhi.

Rumus

S + Should, would, + have + been + . . . .

S + Should, would + have + V III

Example

You would have been succes if you had worked hard.

She would have worked if she had me.

 Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan/peristiwa yang dimulai pada waktu lampau dan ada kemungkinan dilanjutkan pada waktu lampau.

Rumus

S + Should, would, + have + been + V (ing)

Example

I should have been working here for three years by last Juni.

Keterangan waktu

By last . . . . = Menjelang . . . . lalu

By last week = Menjelang minggu lalu

By last month = Menjelang bulan lalu

By last year = Menjelang tahun lalu

By the end of . . . . = menjelang akhir . . . . ini

By the end of this week = menjelang akhir  minggu  ini

By the end of this month = menjelang akhir  bulan  ini

By the end of this year = menjelang akhir  tahun  ini

Catatan

Bentuk was/were going to dapat digunakan untuk menyatakan keinginan di masa lampau tapi tidak dilaksanakan.

• I was going to publish my book (but I didn’t)
• They were going to climb the mountain (but it was cloudy)

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan/peristiwa yang dimulai pada waktu lampau dan ada kemungkinan dilanjutkan pada waktu akan datang.

Rumus

S + Shall, will, + have + been + V (ing)

Example

1. Tini will have been studying English for a week by next month.
2. I will have been living here for five years by the end 2013.

Future Perfect Tense

Future Perfect Tense

Tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan (peristiwa) yang dimulai pada waktu lampau dan akan segera selesai waktu akan datang.

Rumus

S + Shall, will + have + been + . . . .

S + Shall, will + have + V III

Example

[+] I will have finished my article by next week.

[-] I will not have finished my article by next week.

[?] Will I have finished my article by next week?

[-?] Will not I have finished my article by next week?

Future Continuous Tense

Future Continuous Tense

Tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan (peristiwa) yang akan datang terjadi pada waktu akan datang.

Rumus

S + Shall, will + be + V (ing)

Example

[+] I will be going to school at 7 o’clock.

[-] I will not be going to school at 7 o’clock.

[?] Will I be going to school at 7 o’clock ?

[-?] Will not I be going to school at 7 o’clock ?

Future Tense

Future Tense

TenseS yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan / peristiwa yang akan dimulai pada waktu akan datang

Rumus

S + Shall, will + be + . . . .
S + Shall, will + V I

Example

[+] She will be there.
[-] She will not be there.
[?] Will She be there ?
[-?] Will not she be there ?

[+] I shall go to school tomorrow.
[-] I shall not go to school tomorrow.
[?] Shall I go to school tomorrow ?
[-?] Shall not I go to school tomorrow ?

Catatan

• Shall : I, we

    Will : I, we, you, they, he, she, it

• To be + going to + V I

    I am going to school tomorrow = I will go to school tomorrow.

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Tense yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan / peristiwa yang dimulai lampau dan berlangsung hingga lampau pula.

Rumus

S + had + been + V (ing)

Example

[+] I had been studying at SMPN 1 Sukoharjo in 2005 until 2008.
[-] I hadn't been studying at SMPN 1 Sukoharjo in 2005 until 2008.
[?] Had I been studying at SMPN 1 Sukoharjo in 2005 until 2008.
[-?] Hadn't I been studying at SMPN 1 Sukoharjo in 2005 until 2008.

Past Perfect Tense

Past Perfect Tense

Tense yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan / peristiwa yang telah terjadi pada waktu lampau  ketika kejadian lain sedang terjadi.

Rumus

S + had + been
S + had + V III

Example

[+] You had been at school when he went to Solo.
[-] You hadn't been at school when he went to Solo.
[?] Had you been at school when he went to Solo ?
[-?] Hadn't you been at school when he went to Solo ?

[+] I had slept when you came to my house.
[-] I hadn't slept when you came to my house.
[?] Had I slept when you came to my house?
[-?] Hadn't I slept when you came to my house?

Past Continuous Tense

Tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan / peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung waktu lampau ketika kejadian lain sedang terjadi.

Rumus :

S + To be (was. were) + V (ing)

Example :

[+] He was reading a book when you came.
[-] He wasn't reading a book when you came.
[?] Was he reading a book when you came?
[-?] Wasn't he reading a book when you came?

Past Tense

Past Tense

Tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan / peristiwa yang terjadi pada waktu lampau.

Rumus :

S + To be (was, were) + . . . .
S + V II

Example :

[+] He was a doctor.
[-] He wasn't a doctor.
[?] Was he a doctor ?
[-?] Wasn't he a doctor ?

[+] She went to school yesterday.
[-] She didn't go to school yesterday.
[?] Did She go to school yesterday?
[-?] Didn't She go to school yesterday?

Catatan :

• was : I, he, she. it

    were : we, you, they

• Kata bantu untuk past tense adalah "did"

    Jika menggunakan did maka kata kerja kembali ke bentuk

    pertama.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Tense yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan / peristiwa yang dimulai lampau dan masih berlangsung hingga sekarang.

Rumus

S + have, has + been + V (ing)

Example :

[+] I have been living here for five years.
[-] I haven't been living here for five years.
[?] Have I been living here for five years?
[-?] Haven't I been living here for five years?

Present Perfect Tense

Present Perfect Tense

Tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan / peristiwa yang telah terjadi / baru saja dilakukan.

Rumus

S + have, has + been + . . . .
S + have, has + V III

Example :

[+] She has been at school.
[-] She hasn't been at school.
[?] Has she been at school ?
[-?] Hasn't she been at schoo ?

[+] I have bought a new dictionary.
[-] I haven't bought a new dictionary.
[?] Have I bought a new dictionary.
[-?] Haven't I bought a new dictionary.

Present Continuous Tense

Present Continuous Tense

• Tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan (peristiwa) yang sedang berlangsung sekarang. 

• Rumus : S + To be (am, are, is) + V (ing)

• Example
• [+] I am reading a book now.
• [-] I am not reading a book now.
• [?] Am I reading a book now?
• [-?] Am I not reading a book now?

Present Tense

Present Tense

• Tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang berlangsung setiap hari (kebiasaan).

• Rumus :  A. S + To be (am, are, is) + . . . .              

             B. S + V I (s / es)

• Example :
• (+) I am a doctor.
• (-) I am not a doctor.
• (?) Am I a doctor?

• (+) I go to school everyday.
• (-) I don't go to school everyday.
• (?) Do I go to school everyday?
• (-?) Don't I go to school everyday?

• Catatan
• Kata bantu untuk present adalah "do" dan "does"
• Do : They, We, I , You
• Does : He, She, It
• Jika subjek orang ketiga tunggal (he, she, it) maka kata kerja ditambah s / es
• The sun rises in the east.
• He goes to school everyday.