DIRECT INDIRECT SPEECH

DIRECT INDIRECT SPEECH

Ada beberapa perubahan dalam mengubah kalimat langsung dan kalimat tak langsung

1.   Perubahan Pronoun (kata ganti)

 Example :

He says : “I am very sad”

He says that he is very sad.

She tells him : “I am as old as you”

She tells him that She is as ols as him.

The students say : “We are waiting for our teacher”

The students say that they are waiting for their teacher.

2.   Perubahan Tenses

 Example :

He said : “I am very sad”

He said that he was very sad.

He said : “I was very sad”

He said that he had been very sad.

He explained : “I repair the bicycle in the room.

He explained that he repaired the bicycle in the room.

Catatan :

1.  She is very busy at home.

She says	That she is very busy at home.
She will say
She has just said
	That he was very busy at home.
He had just said
He said

Apabila introducing verb (pada kalimat di atas say, says, tell, dan explained) digunakan pada kalimat langsung dalam bentuk present, maka kalimat tidak langsungnya tidak mengalami perubahan tenses. Tapi bila introductory verb yang digunakan pada kalimat langsung dalam bentuk past maka akan berubah menjadi past perfect.

Ada 3 bagian besar dalam direct indirect speech, yaitu :

1. Commands (perintah)

a. Positive

He says (said) : “show me your book, will you?”

He ask (asked) me to show him my book.

b. Negative

She said : “please don’t pu your book on her desk.

She asked him not to put his book on my desk.

Catatan :

Dalam bentuk commands, say/says harus dirubah menjadi ask/asked atau tells/told atau order/ordered atau command/commanded

Pronoun “you” dan kelompoknya “I” atau “we” dan kelompoknya mengalami perubahan tergantung siapa yang bicara dan siapa yang diajak bicara.

2. Statements (pernyataan)

Bob says to me : “I will give you my magazine.”

Bob says to me that he will give me his magazine.

Ani said to Ali : “You will give me your magazine tomorrow.”

Ani said to Ali that he would give her his magazine the following day.”

He said: “She went to her family yesteday.”

He said that she had gone to her family the day before.

Catatan :

Untuk modals, had better, used to tidak berubah

Example :

She said: “He might be at home now.”

She said that he might be at home then.

Perubahan waktu

Today                                 : That day

Now                                   : Since

Yesterday                           : The day before

Tomorrow                          : The next day/ the following day

The day after tomorrow     : In two days time

Next week                          : The following week

Last week                           : The previous week

Ago                                    : Before

Here                                    : There

This                                     : that

3. Question (pertanyaan)

Yes/no Question

She says : “Does he clean all room?”

She wants to know wether he cleans all room.

WH Question

He says: “When can you help me?”

          He wants to know when I can help him.